Web 3.0 前沿技术研究综述

王斌; 伍羽放; 高阳; 刘天健; 翁渊; 李超; 张大伟; 徐光侠; 许光全; 祝咏升; 沈蒙; 祝烈煌; 王伟

引用本文:	王斌,伍羽放,高阳,刘天健,翁渊,李超,张大伟,徐光侠,许光全,祝咏升,沈蒙,祝烈煌,王伟.Web 3.0 前沿技术研究综述.软件学报,2026,37(9):3615-3647

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Web 3.0 前沿技术研究综述
王斌^1,2, 伍羽放^1,2, 高阳^1,2, 刘天健^1,2, 翁渊^1,2, 李超^1,2, 张大伟^1,2, 徐光侠³, 许光全⁴, 祝咏升⁵, 沈蒙⁶, 祝烈煌⁶, 王伟^1,2
1.北京交通大学计算机科学与技术学院, 北京 100044;2.智能交通数据安全与隐私保护技术北京市重点实验室, 北京 100044;3.广州大学网络空间安全学院, 广东广州 510006;4.天津大学智能与计算学部, 天津 300072;5.中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司, 北京 100081;6.北京理工大学网络空间安全学院, 北京 100081

摘要:

Web 3.0 是以区块链为技术底座的新一代互联网框架, 能够助力数据资产化, 形成可流通的数字资产, 促进数字经济发展. 然而, Web 3.0 在用户生态构建与数字资产流通两方面仍然存在挑战: (1) Web 3.0 用户信任机制多样导致用户数字身份管理难; (2) Web 3.0 数字资产侵权成本低、鉴权粒度粗导致数字资产高效流通难; (3) Web 3.0 开放自治且参与实体多元导致用户生态治理难; (4) Web 3.0 数据公开透明且攻击面多样导致隐私保护与安全监管平衡难. 围绕这4个挑战, 提出面向数据资产化的 Web 3.0 技术架构, 针对数据资产化在身份管理、资产流通、生态治理与安全监管这4个方面的需求, 结合技术自身特点, 对国内外相关的 Web 3.0 技术研究工作进行归纳、分类、分析与总结. 具体包括: (1)分布式数字身份管理机制, 包含数字身份创建、标识鉴别与隐私保护等技术; (2) Web 3.0 数字资产流通机制, 包含数字资产确权、鉴权与流通等技术; (3) Web 3.0 生态治理机制, 包含用户声誉评价与权益激励等技术; (4) Web 3.0 数字资产安全防护与监管技术, 包含主动监管、链上数据监测与应用前端安全分析等技术. 最后, 展望 Web 3.0 技术的未来研究方向.

关键词: Web 3.0 分布式数字身份 Web 3.0 数字资产流通 Web 3.0 用户生态治理 Web 3.0 安全监管

DOI：10.13328/j.cnki.jos.007611

分类号:TP311

基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2023YFB2703800); 国家自然科学基金联合基金重点支持项目(U21A20463, U22B2027, U23A20304); 北京市自然科学基金面上专项(M23019)

Survey on Cutting-edge Technologies of Web 3.0

WANG Bin^1,2, WU Yu-Fang^1,2, GAO Yang^1,2, LIU Tian-Jian^1,2, WENG Yuan^1,2, LI Chao^1,2, ZHANG Da-Wei^1,2, XU Guang-Xia³, XU Guang-Quan⁴, ZHU Yong-Sheng⁵, SHEN Meng⁶, ZHU Lie-Huang⁶, WANG Wei^1,2

1.School of Computer Science & Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China;2.Beijing Key Laboratory of Security and Privacy in Intelligent Transportation, Beijing 100044, China;3.Cyberspace Institute of Advanced Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China;4.College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;5.China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited, Beijing 100081, China;6.School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China

Abstract:

Web 3.0 is a new-generation Internet framework based on blockchain technology, which facilitates data assetization and enables the formation of tradable digital assets, thus promoting the development of the digital economy. However, Web 3.0 still faces several challenges in user ecosystem construction and digital asset circulation: (1) The diversity of user trust mechanisms in Web 3.0 poses challenges to digital identity management. (2) The low cost of digital asset infringement and coarse-grained authentication in Web 3.0 hinder the efficient circulation of digital assets. (3) The open and autonomous nature of Web 3.0, together with the diversity of participating entities, leads to difficulties in user ecosystem governance. (4) The openness and transparency of data, along with diverse attack surfaces in Web 3.0, make it difficult to balance privacy protection and security regulation. To address these four challenges, a Web 3.0 technology architecture oriented toward data assetization is proposed. Focusing on the requirements of data assetization in identity management, asset circulation, ecosystem governance, and security regulation, and in combination with the technical characteristics of Web 3.0, relevant Web 3.0 research work at home and abroad is summarized, classified, analyzed, and reviewed. Specifically, this study includes (1) distributed digital identity management mechanisms, including technologies such as digital identity creation, identifier authentication, and privacy protection; (2) Web 3.0 digital asset circulation mechanisms, including technologies such as digital asset ownership confirmation, authentication, and circulation; (3) Web 3.0 ecosystem governance mechanisms, including technologies such as user reputation evaluation and incentive mechanisms; (4) Web 3.0 digital asset security protection and regulation technologies, including proactive regulation, on-chain data monitoring, and application front-end security analysis. Finally, future research directions of Web 3.0 technologies are discussed.

Key words: Web 3.0 distributed digital identity circulation of Web 3.0 digital assets Web 3.0 user ecosystem governance Web 3.0 security and regulation