| 摘要: |
| 时空逻辑分析是指用逻辑符号准确表达实体间的时空关系. 传统的时空逻辑分析分为封闭域与开放域两种形式. 封闭域方法预先定义了表示时空逻辑的符号体系, 然后将自然语言转换成逻辑语言. 此类方法的优点是对时空关系的表达准确, 但是由于人工定义的局限性, 所定义的体系并不能覆盖复杂的时空关系. 开放域的方法使用自然语言表示时空关系, 也就是将关键词进行抽取. 此类方法的优点是能够覆盖复杂的时空关系, 但是由于自然语言本身存在歧义性, 所表示的逻辑并不精确. 为了将自然语言表达的时空关系转化为逻辑语言, 从而更准确地表达时空信息, 针对如上问题展开研究. 考虑时空关系在语言学范畴主要通过方位词表达, 如果能把方位词的语义用逻辑符号加以定义, 那么既可以解决覆盖不足的问题, 也可以解决表达不精确的问题. 为此, 设计方位词的时空逻辑体系, 定义标注规范, 总结方位词的逻辑表达范围, 给出详细的标注准则; 基于该规范, 在人民日报和CTB两个数据集上手工标注样本6190条, 形成该任务的语料库; 最后基于该语料库, 利用大语言模型对方位词触发的时空逻辑表达式进行推理, 准确率可达到70%以上. |
| 关键词: 时空逻辑 语义分析 句法结构 方位词 标注体系 |
| DOI：10.13328/j.cnki.jos.007553 |
| 分类号:TP18 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目(62172044) |
|
| Localizer-oriented Spatio-temporal Logical Semantic Analysis |
|
YU Zhi-Heng1, XIN Xin1,2
|
|
1.School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;2.Beijing Engineering Research Center of High Volume Language Information Processing and Cloud Computing Application, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
|
| Abstract: |
| Spatio-temporal logical analysis refers to accurately expressing spatio-temporal relationships between entities using logical symbols. Traditional spatio-temporal logical analysis adopts two paradigms: closed-domain and open-domain approaches. Closed-domain methods predefine symbolic systems for representing spatio-temporal logic and then translate natural language into logical expressions. While ensuring accurate representation of spatio-temporal relationships, such methods face limitations in handling complex relationships due to the constraints of artificial definitions. Open-domain approaches extract keywords to represent spatio-temporal relationships using natural language itself. Although capable of covering complex relationships, these methods suffer from the semantic ambiguity inherent in natural language, resulting in imprecise logical representations. The purpose of this study is to convert natural language expressions of spatio-temporal relationships into logical language, enabling more precise representation of spatio-temporal information. To address the forementioned issues, this study considered the linguistic observation that spatio-temporal relationships in language are primarily expressed through localizers. By defining the semantics of localizers through logical symbols, the proposed framework aims to overcome both the insufficiency of coverage and the lack of precision. Accordingly, a spatio-temporal logical framework for localizers is established, including 1) the design of annotation specifications that define the logical expression scope of localizers and provide detailed annotation guidelines; 2) manual annotation of 6190 samples from the People’s Daily and CTB datasets to construct a task-specific corpus based on the proposed specifications; 3) application of large language models to perform logical reasoning on localizer-triggered spatio-temporal expressions, achieving an accuracy exceeding 70% based on corpus-driven inference. |
| Key words: spatio-temporal logic semantic analysis syntactic structure localizer annotation system |
