基于RFID的无源物联网无线感知研究现状与发展趋势

黄宇红; 万鸿俊; 王楚豫; 王曦泽; 谢磊; 王晴; 魏颖慧; 李远航; 赵睿; 肖善鹏; 吴志强

引用本文:	黄宇红,万鸿俊,王楚豫,王曦泽,谢磊,王晴,魏颖慧,李远航,赵睿,肖善鹏,吴志强.基于RFID的无源物联网无线感知研究现状与发展趋势.软件学报,2026,37(1):425-441

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基于RFID的无源物联网无线感知研究现状与发展趋势
黄宇红¹, 万鸿俊¹, 王楚豫², 王曦泽¹, 谢磊², 王晴¹, 魏颖慧¹, 李远航¹, 赵睿¹, 肖善鹏¹, 吴志强³
1.中国移动通信有限公司研究院, 北京 100053;2.计算机软件新技术全国重点实验室(南京大学), 江苏南京 210023;3.北京大学武汉人工智能研究院, 湖北武汉 430205

摘要:

基于RFID的无源物联网演进包括传统UHF RFID (简称单点式或无源1.0)、局域组网覆盖式(简称组网式或无源2.0)和广域蜂窝覆盖式(简称蜂窝式或无源3.0)这3个阶段, 基于无源物联网的无线感知具有零供电、低成本、易部署的特点, 可实现“可标记”“无限接近目标对象”的感知, 随着蜂窝无源物联网的兴起, 无源物联网无线感知将成为物联网泛在感知的重要支撑. 首先介绍无源物联网的概念和演进路线, 然后从感知原理出发, 面向定位跟踪、物品状态、人体行为、生命体征这4类典型感知目标分析无源物联网无线感知技术的最新研究进展, 鉴于当前大多数研究均采用传统UHF RFID商用设备获取信号特征进行数据处理, 最后结合无源物联网的演进从新架构、新空口、新能力这3个层面分析基于无源物联网的无线感知技术演进方向, 并从感知角度提出对新空口通感一体设计的思考, 以期为无源物联网无线感知技术研究提供新的思路.

关键词: 无源物联网无线感知射频识别

DOI：10.13328/j.cnki.jos.007444

分类号:TP393

基金项目:

RFID-based Passive IoT Wireless Sensing Technology: Survey and Trends

HUANG Yu-Hong¹, WAN Hong-Jun¹, WANG Chu-Yu², WANG Xi-Ze¹, XIE Lei², WANG Qing¹, WEI Ying-Hui¹, LI Yuan-Hang¹, ZHAO Rui¹, XIAO Shan-Peng¹, WU Zhi-Qiang³

1.China Mobile Research Institute, Beijing 100053, China;2.State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology (Nanjing University), Nanjing 210023, China;3.PKU-Wuhan Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Wuhan 430205, China

Abstract:

The evolution of RFID-based passive Internet of Things (IoT) systems comprises three stages: traditional UHF RFID (also referred to as standalone or Passive 1.0), local area network-based coverage (networked or Passive 2.0), and wide-area cellular coverage (cellular or Passive 3.0). Wireless sensing in passive IoT is characterized by zero power consumption, low cost, and ease of deployment, enabling object tagging and close-proximity sensing. With the emergence of cellular passive IoT, passive IoT wireless sensing is playing an increasingly important role in enabling ubiquitous sensing within IoT systems. This study first introduces the concept and development path of passive IoT. Based on fundamental sensing principles, recent research advancements are reviewed across four representative objectives: localization and tracking, object status detection, human behavior recognition, and vital sign monitoring. Given that most existing research relies on commercial UHF RFID devices to extract signal features for data processing, the development direction of passive IoT wireless sensing technology is further examined from the perspectives of new architecture, new air interface, and new capabilities. Moreover, this study offers reflections on the integration of communication and sensing in the design of next-generation air interfaces from a sensing-oriented perspective, aiming to provide new insights into the advancements in passive IoT wireless sensing technologies.

Key words: passive IoT wireless sensing radio frequency identification (RFID)