| 摘要: |
| 跨地理区域联盟链通过将节点分散部署在多个数据中心, 利用区块链的去中心化、不可篡改和可溯源特性, 为电子商务、供应链管理和金融等大规模应用提供支持. 然而, 传统联盟链在大规模部署时面临着性能、扩展性和弹性方面的挑战. 现有区块链在共识算法、并发控制和账本分片上提出了多种方案解决上述挑战. 首先, 分别基于网络拓扑结构、主节点数量和网络模型对共识算法进行分类, 并探讨共识时的不同通信优化策略. 其次, 讨论乐观并发控制、依赖图、确定性并发控制和无协调一致性在跨地理区域场景中的优缺点. 然后, 对区块链跨分片提交协议进行分类, 并分析它们的跨域协调开销. 最后, 指出现有跨域联盟链的技术挑战并给出未来的研究方向. |
| 关键词: 联盟区块链 跨地理区域部署 共识算法 事务处理 区块链分片 |
| DOI：10.13328/j.cnki.jos.007418 |
| 分类号:TP311 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划 (2023YFB4503601); 国家自然科学基金(62372097, 62072086); 国家社会科学基金(21&ZD124); 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(N2116005, N2116008, N2416003) |
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| Survey on Transaction Processing Technologies for Geo-distributed Consortium Blockchains |
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PENG Ze-Shun1, HAN Zhi-Bo1, ZHANG Yan-Feng1, LI Xiao-Hua1, YU Ming-He2, FAN Ji-Li3, YU Ge1
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1.School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China;2.Software College, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China;3.Information Construction and Network Security Office, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
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| Abstract: |
| Geo-distributed consortium blockchains leverage the characteristics of decentralization, immutability, and traceability to support large-scale applications such as e-commerce, supply chain management, and finance by distributing nodes across multiple data centers. However, traditional consortium blockchains face challenges in performance, scalability, and elasticity in large-scale deployment. Existing blockchains have proposed various approaches in consensus algorithms, concurrency control, and ledger sharding to address the above challenges. First, consensus algorithms are categorized based on network topology, the number of primary nodes, and network models, and different communication optimization strategies during consensus are explored. Second, the advantages and disadvantages of optimistic concurrency control, dependency graph, deterministic concurrency control, and coordination-free consistency in geo-distributed scenarios are discussed. Next, cross-shard commit protocols for blockchain are categorized, and their cross-region coordination overheads are analyzed. Finally, the technical challenges of existing geo-distributed consortium blockchains are highlighted, and future research directions are provided. |
| Key words: consortium blockchain geo-distributed deployment consensus algorithm transaction processing blockchain sharding |
