| 引用本文: | 岳镜涛,肖江,张世桀,程凤,陈汉华,金海.ElasticDAG: 弹性图式区块链.软件学报,2024,35(11):5279-5305 |
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| ElasticDAG: 弹性图式区块链 |
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岳镜涛1,2,3,4, 肖江1,2,3,4, 张世桀1,2,3,4, 程凤1,2,3,4, 陈汉华1,2,3,4, 金海1,2,3,4
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1.大数据技术与系统国家地方联合工程研究中心 (华中科技大学), 湖北 武汉 430074;2.服务计算技术与系统教育部重点实验室 (华中科技大学), 湖北 武汉 430074;3.集群与网格计算湖北省重点实验室 (华中科技大学), 湖北 武汉 430074;4.华中科技大学 计算机科学与技术学院, 湖北 武汉 430074
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| 摘要: |
| 图式区块链采用有向无环图(directed acyclic graph, DAG)的并行拓扑结构, 相较于基于串行拓扑结构的传统链式区块链, 能够显著提升系统性能, 已受到业界广泛关注. 然而, 现有图式区块链的共识协议与存储模型高度耦合, 缺乏灵活性, 难以适应多元化应用需求. 同时, 大部分图式区块链在共识协议层面上缺乏灵活性, 局限于概率性共识协议, 难以兼顾确认延迟和安全性, 尤其对于延迟敏感型应用很不友好. 为此, 提出弹性图式区块链系统ElasticDAG, 其核心思想是将存储模型和共识协议进行解耦, 让两者并行、独立地运行, 从而灵活适配多元化应用. 针对提升系统吞吐量和活性的需求, 为存储模型设计自适应区块确认策略和基于划分的确认区块排序算法; 针对降低交易确认延迟的需求, 设计低延迟DAG区块链混合共识协议. 实验结果表明, ElasticDAG原型系统在广域网下的吞吐量高达11 Mb/s, 并具有10秒级确认性能. 与OHIE相比, ElasticDAG在实现同等吞吐量的情况下, 可将确认延迟降低17倍; 与Haootia相比, ElasticDAG在实现同等共识延迟的情况下, 可将安全性从91.04%提升到99.999914%. |
| 关键词: 图式区块链 混合共识协议 BFT协议 存储模型 弹性区块链系统 |
| DOI：10.13328/j.cnki.jos.007050 |
| 分类号:TP393 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2021YFB2700700); 国家自然科学基金(62072197); 湖北省重点研发计划(2021BEA164) |
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| ElasticDAG: Elastic DAG-based Blockchain |
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YUE Jing-Tao1,2,3,4, XIAO Jiang1,2,3,4, ZHANG Shi-Jie1,2,3,4, CHENG Feng1,2,3,4, CHEN Han-Hua1,2,3,4, JIN Hai1,2,3,4
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1.National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Wuhan 430074, China;2.Services Computing Technology and System Lab (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Wuhan 430074, China;3.Cluster and Grid Computing Lab (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Wuhan 430074, China;4.School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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| Abstract: |
| A directed acyclic graph (DAG)-based blockchain adopts a parallel topology and can significantly improve system performance compared with conventional chain-based blockchains with a serial topology. As a result, it has attracted wide attention from the industry. However, the storage model and the consensus protocol of the existing DAG-based blockchains are highly coupled, which lacks the flexibility to meet diversified application demands. Furthermore, most DAG-based blockchains lack flexibility at the consensus protocol level and are limited to probabilistic consensus protocols, which is difficult to take into account confirmation latency and security and is especially unfriendly to delay-sensitive applications. Therefore, this study presents the elastic DAG-based blockchain, namely ElasticDAG. The core idea is to decouple the storage model and the consensus protocol, enabling them to proceed in parallel and independently, so as to flexibly adapt to diversified applications. In order to improve the throughput and activity of the system, an adaptive block confirmation strategy and an epoch-based block ordering algorithm are designed for the storage model. In response to the need to reduce transaction confirmation latency, a low-latency DAG blockchain hybrid consensus protocol is designed. Experimental results demonstrate that the ElasticDAG prototype in WAN can achieve a throughput exceeding 11 Mb/s, and it yields a confirmation latency of tens of seconds. Compared with OHIE and Haootia, ElasticDAG can reduce confirmation latency by 17 times and improve security from 91.04% to 99.999 914% while maintaining the same throughput and consensus latency. |
| Key words: directed acyclic graph (DAG)-based blockchain hybrid consensus protocol BFT protocol storage model elastic blockchain system |
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