| 摘要: |
| 分层量子密钥分发在量子通信中有重要作用，除了使用EPR与GHZ态可实现分层量子密钥分发，非对称高维多粒子纠缠也为解决分层量子密钥分发提供了一种新思路，这种方法在量子信道使用次数上比传统的使用二部链路的量子密钥分发更有效.介绍了3用户在同构意义下的5种分层密钥结构，并给出4、5用户的可分区分层密钥结构.然后对于所介绍的各类分层密钥结构，通过将上述两种方法进行对比，得到实现各类密钥结构理想化密钥率最高的方案.当量子网络用户大于3且密钥结构可分区时，证明仅使用EPR与GHZ态就可实现各层理想化密钥率是1，并以4、5用户的可分区分层密钥结构为例展开说明. |
| 关键词: 分层量子密钥分发 非对称高维多粒子纠缠 理想化密钥率 GHZ态与EPR态 |
| DOI：10.13328/j.cnki.jos.006504 |
| 分类号:TP309 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（11671244） |
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| Layered Quantum Key Distribution Protocol with a Small Number of Participants |
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YAN Chen-Hong, LI Zhi-Hui, LIU Lu, HAN Zhao-Wei
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School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
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| Abstract: |
| Layered key structure plays an important role in quantum communication, in addition to using EPR and GHZ states to achieve layered quantum key distribution, asymmetric high dimensional multi-particle entanglement also provides a new idea for solving layered quantum key distribution. This method is more efficient in the number of quantum channel uses than the conventional quantum key distribution using bipartite links. This study introduces five layered key structures for three users, and gives a partitionable key structure for 4 and 5 users. For the various layered key structures introduced in this study, the above two methods are compared to get the protocol with the highest idealized key rate of each key structure. When the quantum network has more than three users and the key structure can be partitioned, it is proved that the idealized key rate of each layer can be 1 by using the EPR and GHZ states. Finally, the partitionable key structure of four and five users is taken as an example to expand the description. |
| Key words: layered quantum key distribution asymmetric high dimensional multi-particle entanglement idealized key rate GHZ and EPR states |
