| 摘要: |
| 在多核计算机时代, 多道程序在整个共享内存体系上的“访存干扰”是制约系统总体性能和服务质量的重要因素. 即使当前内存资源已相对丰富, 但如何优化内存体系的性能、降低访存干扰并高效地管理内存资源, 仍是计算机体系结构领域的研究热点. 为深入研究该问题, 详述将“页着色(page coloring)”内存划分技术应用于整个内存体系(包括Cache、内存通道以及内存DRAM Bank), 进而消除了并行多道程序在共享内存体系上的访存干扰的一系列先进方法. 从DRAM Bank、Channel与Cache以及非易失性内存(non-volatile memory, NVM)等内存体系中介质为切入点, 层次分明地展开论述: 首先, 详述将页着色应用于多道程序在DRAM Bank与通道的划分, 消除多道程序间的访存冲突; 随后是将页着色应用于在内存体系中Cache和DRAM的“垂直”协同划分, 可同时消除多级内存介质上的访存干扰; 最后是将页着色应用于包含NVM的混合内存体系, 以提高程序运行效率和系统整体效能. 实验结果表明, 所提内存划分方法提高了系统整体性能(平均5%-15%)、服务质量(QoS), 并有效地降低了系统能耗. 通过梳理和总结, 较为全面地展现了内存体系划分技术的核心思想、关键技术、应用架构及发展脉络. 对未来优化内存体系性能、服务器性能及服务质量相关的工作提供了参考. |
| 关键词: 页着色 共享内存 访存干扰 内存划分 |
| DOI：10.13328/j.cnki.jos.006370 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(62072432, 61502452, 61502427); 国家重点研发计划(2018YFB1402800); 浙江省自然科学基金(LY20F020026) |
|
| Evolution of Memory Partitioning Technologies: Case Study through Page Coloring |
|
QIU Jie-Fan1, HUA Zong-Han1, FAN Jing1, LIU Lei2
|
|
1.School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China;2.Sys-Inventor Lab, State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture (Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences), Beijing 100190, China
|
| Abstract: |
| This paper shows the technical evolution of memory partitioning on shared memory systems using the cases of page coloring. Multiple co-running applications incur memory contentions across the entire memory hierarchy in the age of multicore, negatively impacting the overall system performance and the QoS. Researchers are always seeking new solutions to aid these problems. The paper presents the well-known and well-developed technology—"Page coloring" and summarizes its evolution since 1990. This paper introduces how to leverage page coloring on Cache, DRAM/NVM Banks in main memory systems, and memory channels. On the Bank level, concurrent applications are mapped to a different group of Banks, thus eliminating inter-application memory conflicts. In terms of Cache and DRAM Banks, this paper introduces the "vertical partitioning" to mitigate memory conflicts across the multiple levels at the memory hierarchy at the same time. Finally, this study shows how to use page coloring on systems equipped with hybrid NVM systems. The experimental results show that the memory partitioning technologies through page coloring bring significant performance benefits and QoS. |
| Key words: page coloring shared memory memory conflict memory partitioning |
