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| 以太坊中间语言的可执行语义 |
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韩宁1,2, 李希萌1,3, 张倩颖1,3, 王国辉1,3, 施智平1,3, 关永1,2
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1.首都师范大学 信息工程学院, 北京 100048;2.北京成像理论与技术高精尖创新中心(首都师范大学), 北京 100048;3.电子系统可靠性技术北京市重点实验室(首都师范大学), 北京 100048
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| 摘要: |
| 智能合约是实现各类区块链应用的核心软件程序.近期，以太坊区块链平台（Ethereum）上的智能合约暴露出大量错误和安全隐患，在国际上引发了智能合约形式化验证的研究热潮.为提供高可信度的验证结果，智能合约程序语言的形式化必不可少.对以太坊中间语言Yul进行形式化，首次给出了其类型系统和小步操作语义的形式化定义.该语义为可执行语义（executable semantics），由120个Yul语言程序组成的测试集进行测试.该工作在Isabelle/HOL证明辅助工具中完成，为基于定理证明的智能合约正确性、安全性验证奠定了基础. |
| 关键词: 智能合约 Yul语言 Isabelle/HOL 形式化语义 以太坊 |
| DOI：10.13328/j.cnki.jos.006246 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（61572331，61602325，61802375，61876111，61877040，62002246）；北京市教育委员会科技计划（KM20190028005，KM202010028010）；中国科学院计算技术研究所计算机体系结构国家重点实验室开放课题（CARCH201920） |
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| Executable Semantics of Ethereum Intermediate Language |
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HAN Ning1,2, LI Xi-Meng1,3, ZHANG Qian-Ying1,3, WANG Guo-Hui1,3, SHI Zhi-Ping1,3, GUAN Yong1,2
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1.College of Information Engineering, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China;2.Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology (Capital Normal University), Beijing 100048, China;3.Beijing Key Laboratory of Electronic System Reliability and Prognostics (Capital Normal University), Beijing 100048, China
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| Abstract: |
| Smart contracts are key software components of blockchain applications. Recently, a great number of bugs and security vulnerabilities have been exposed in smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain. This resulted in extensive research efforts in the formal verification of smart contracts at the international level. To obtain highly trustworthy verification results, the formalization of programming languages for smart contracts is necessary. This work formalizes Yul-the Ethereum intermediate language. The core of this formalization consists of the first formal definitions of the type system and the small-step operational semantics for Yul. The semantics is executable, and it is validated using a test suite of 120 Yul programs. The proposed formalization is performed in the Isabelle/HOL proof assistant. It lays a solid foundation for the formal verification of the correctness and security of Ethereum smart contracts through theorem proving. |
| Key words: smart contract Yul language Isabelle/HOL formal semantics Ethereum |
