Image retargeting is the process of adapting images to display terminals with small sizes and different aspect ratios, such as cellular phones and PDAs. This paper presents a novel image retargeting method using saliency-based mesh parameterization. Specifically, this paper formulates retargeting an image to desired size as a constrained mesh parameterization problem which aims at finding a homomorphous target mesh with desired size. This method first constructs a mesh image representation that is consistent with the underlying image structures. To emphasize salient objects and minimize visual distortion, this paper associates image saliency into the mesh and defines image structure as mesh parameterization constraints. Through a stretch-based mesh parameterization process, this paper finally achieves the homomorphous target mesh, which is then used to render the target image by texture mapping. This method generates satisfactory retargeting effects for images with complex background structures. Also it works well for images with multiple salient objects. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.