Symmetric searchable encryption (SSE) can retrieve encrypted data without disclosing user privacy and has been widely studied and applied in cloud storage. However, in SSE schemes, semi-honest or dishonest servers may tamper with the data in files and return the untrusted files to users, so it is necessary to verify these files. Most existing verifiable SSE schemes are verified by the users locally, and malicious users may forge verification results, which cannot ensure verification fairness. To this end, this study proposes a verifiable dynamic symmetric searchable encryption scheme based on blockchain, VDSSE). VDSSE employs symmetric encryption to achieve forward security in the dynamic updating, and on this basis, the blockchain is utilized to verify the search results. During the verification, a new verification tag, Vtag, is proposed. The accumulation of Vtag is leveraged to compress the verification information, reduce the storage cost of verification information on the blockchain, and effectively support the dynamic verification of SSE schemes. Finally, experimental evaluation and security analysis are conducted on VDSSE to verify the feasibility and security of the scheme.